type blockchainInterface interface {
	// Header returns the current header of the chain (genesis if empty)
	Header() *types.Header

	// GetReceiptsByHash returns the receipts for a hash
	GetReceiptsByHash(hash types.Hash) ([]*types.Receipt, error)

	// Subscribe subscribes for chain head events
	SubscribeEvents() blockchain.Subscription

	// GetHeaderByNumber returns the header by number
	GetHeaderByNumber(block uint64) (*types.Header, bool)

	// GetAvgGasPrice returns the average gas price
	GetAvgGasPrice() *big.Int

	// AddTx adds a new transaction to the tx pool
	AddTx(tx *types.Transaction) error

	// State returns a reference to the state
	State() state.State

	// BeginTxn starts a transition object
	BeginTxn(parentRoot types.Hash, header *types.Header) (*state.Transition, error)

	// GetBlockByHash gets a block using the provided hash
	GetBlockByHash(hash types.Hash, full bool) (*types.Block, bool)

	// ApplyTxn applies a transaction object to the blockchain
	ApplyTxn(header *types.Header, txn *types.Transaction) ([]byte, bool, error)

	stateHelperInterface
}

jsonrpc/eth_endpoint.go

type Filter struct {
	id string

	// block filter
	block *headElem

	// log cache
	logs []*Log

	// log filter
	logFilter *LogFilter

	// index of the filter in the timer array
	index int

	// next time to timeout
	timestamp time.Time

	// websocket connection
	ws wsConn
}


type FilterManager struct {
	logger hclog.Logger

	store   blockchainInterface
	closeCh chan struct{}

	subscription blockchain.Subscription

	filters map[string]*Filter
	lock    sync.Mutex

	updateCh chan struct{}
	timer    timeHeapImpl
	timeout  time.Duration

	blockStream *blockStream
}

func (f *FilterManager) Run() {

	// watch for new events in the blockchain
	watchCh := make(chan *blockchain.Event)
	go func() {
		for {
			evnt := f.subscription.GetEvent()
			if evnt == nil {
				return
			}
			watchCh <- evnt
		}
	}()

	var timeoutCh <-chan time.Time
	for {
		// check for the next filter to be removed
		filter := f.nextTimeoutFilter()
		if filter == nil {
			timeoutCh = nil
		} else {
			timeoutCh = time.After(filter.timestamp.Sub(time.Now()))
		}

		select {
		case evnt := <-watchCh:
			// new blockchain event
			if err := f.dispatchEvent(evnt); err != nil {
				f.logger.Error("failed to dispatch event", "err", err)
			}

		case <-timeoutCh:
			// timeout for filter
			if !f.Uninstall(filter.id) {
				f.logger.Error("failed to uninstall filter", "id", filter.id)
			}

		case <-f.updateCh:
			// there is a new filter, reset the loop to start the timeout timer

		case <-f.closeCh:
			// stop the filter manager
			return
		}
	}
}

// WriteBlocks writes a batch of blocks
func (b *Blockchain) WriteBlocks(blocks []*types.Block) error {
	if len(blocks) == 0 {
		return fmt.Errorf("no headers found to insert")
	}

	parent, ok := b.readHeader(blocks[0].ParentHash())
	if !ok {
		return fmt.Errorf("parent of %s (%d) not found: %s", blocks[0].Hash().String(), blocks[0].Number(), blocks[0].ParentHash())
	}

	// validate chain
	for i := 0; i < len(blocks); i++ {
		block := blocks[i]

		if block.Number()-1 != parent.Number {
			return fmt.Errorf("number sequence not correct at %d, %d and %d", i, block.Number(), parent.Number)
		}
		if block.ParentHash() != parent.Hash {
			return fmt.Errorf("parent hash not correct")
		}
		if err := b.consensus.VerifyHeader(parent, block.Header, false, true); err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("failed to verify the header: %v", err)
		}

		// verify body data
		if hash := buildroot.CalculateUncleRoot(block.Uncles); hash != block.Header.Sha3Uncles {
			return fmt.Errorf("uncle root hash mismatch: have %s, want %s", hash, block.Header.Sha3Uncles)
		}
		
		if hash := buildroot.CalculateTransactionsRoot(block.Transactions); hash != block.Header.TxRoot {
			return fmt.Errorf("transaction root hash mismatch: have %s, want %s", hash, block.Header.TxRoot)
		}
		parent = block.Header
	}

	// Write chain
	for indx, block := range blocks {
		header := block.Header

		body := block.Body()
		if err := b.db.WriteBody(header.Hash, block.Body()); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		b.bodiesCache.Add(header.Hash, body)

		// Verify uncles. It requires to have the bodies on memory
		if err := b.VerifyUncles(block); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		// Process and validate the block
		if err := b.processBlock(blocks[indx]); err != nil {
			return err
		}

		// Write the header to the chain
		evnt := &Event{}
		if err := b.writeHeaderImpl(evnt, header); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		b.dispatchEvent(evnt)

		// Update the average gas price
		b.UpdateGasPriceAvg(new(big.Int).SetUint64(header.GasUsed))
	}

	return nil
}

type Subscription interface {
    // Returns a Blockchain Event channel
	GetEventCh() chan *Event
	
	// Returns the latest event (blocking)
	GetEvent() *Event
	
	// Closes the subscription
	Close()
}

type Event struct {
	// Old chain removed if there was a reorg
	OldChain []*types.Header

	// New part of the chain (or a fork)
	NewChain []*types.Header

	// Difficulty is the new difficulty created with this event
	Difficulty *big.Int

	// Type is the type of event
	Type EventType

	// Source is the source that generated the blocks for the event
	// right now it can be either the Sealer or the Syncer. TODO
	Source string
}

// Consensus is the interface for consensus
type Consensus interface {
	// VerifyHeader verifies the header is correct
	VerifyHeader(parent, header *types.Header) error

	// Start starts the consensus
	Start() error

	// Close closes the connection
	Close() error
}

// Config is the configuration for the consensus
type Config struct {
	// Logger to be used by the backend
	Logger *log.Logger

	// Params are the params of the chain and the consensus
	Params *chain.Params

	// Specific configuration parameters for the backend
	Config map[string]interface{}

	// Path for the consensus protocol to store information
	Path string
}

type IstanbulExtra struct {
	Validators    []types.Address
	Seal          []byte
	CommittedSeal [][]byte
}

func signHash(h *types.Header) ([]byte, error) {
	//hash := istambulHeaderHash(h)
	//return hash.Bytes(), nil

	h = h.Copy() // make a copy since we update the extra field

	arena := fastrlp.DefaultArenaPool.Get()
	defer fastrlp.DefaultArenaPool.Put(arena)

	// when hashign the block for signing we have to remove from
	// the extra field the seal and commitedseal items
	extra, err := getIbftExtra(h)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	putIbftExtraValidators(h, extra.Validators)

	vv := arena.NewArray()
	vv.Set(arena.NewBytes(h.ParentHash.Bytes()))
	vv.Set(arena.NewBytes(h.Sha3Uncles.Bytes()))
	vv.Set(arena.NewBytes(h.Miner.Bytes()))
	vv.Set(arena.NewBytes(h.StateRoot.Bytes()))
	vv.Set(arena.NewBytes(h.TxRoot.Bytes()))
	vv.Set(arena.NewBytes(h.ReceiptsRoot.Bytes()))
	vv.Set(arena.NewBytes(h.LogsBloom[:]))
	vv.Set(arena.NewUint(h.Difficulty))
	vv.Set(arena.NewUint(h.Number))
	vv.Set(arena.NewUint(h.GasLimit))
	vv.Set(arena.NewUint(h.GasUsed))
	vv.Set(arena.NewUint(h.Timestamp))
	vv.Set(arena.NewCopyBytes(h.ExtraData))

	buf := keccak.Keccak256Rlp(nil, vv)
	return buf, nil
}

func verifyCommitedFields(snap *Snapshot, header *types.Header) error {
	extra, err := getIbftExtra(header)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if len(extra.CommittedSeal) == 0 {
		return fmt.Errorf("empty committed seals")
	}

	// get the message that needs to be signed
	signMsg, err := signHash(header)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	signMsg = commitMsg(signMsg)

	visited := map[types.Address]struct{}{}
	for _, seal := range extra.CommittedSeal {
		addr, err := ecrecoverImpl(seal, signMsg)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		if _, ok := visited[addr]; ok {
			return fmt.Errorf("repeated seal")
		} else {
			if !snap.Set.Includes(addr) {
				return fmt.Errorf("signed by non validator")
			}
			visited[addr] = struct{}{}
		}
	}

	validSeals := len(visited)
	if validSeals <= 2*snap.Set.MinFaultyNodes() {
		return fmt.Errorf("not enough seals to seal block")
	}
	return nil
}

func (i *Ibft) processHeaders(headers []*types.Header) error {
	if len(headers) == 0 {
		return nil
	}

	parentSnap, err := i.getSnapshot(headers[0].Number - 1)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	snap := parentSnap.Copy()

	saveSnap := func(h *types.Header) error {
		if snap.Equal(parentSnap) {
			return nil
		}

		snap.Number = h.Number
		snap.Hash = h.Hash.String()

		i.store.add(snap)

		parentSnap = snap
		snap = parentSnap.Copy()
		return nil
	}

	for _, h := range headers {
		number := h.Number

		validator, err := ecrecoverFromHeader(h)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		if !snap.Set.Includes(validator) {
			return fmt.Errorf("unauthroized validator")
		}

		if number%i.epochSize == 0 {
			// during a checkpoint block, we reset the voles
			// and there cannot be any proposals
			snap.Votes = nil
			if err := saveSnap(h); err != nil {
				return err
			}

			// remove in-memory snaphots from two epochs before this one
			epoch := int(number/i.epochSize) - 2
			if epoch > 0 {
				purgeBlock := uint64(epoch) * i.epochSize
				i.store.deleteLower(purgeBlock)
			}
			continue
		}

		// if we have a miner address, this might be a vote
		if h.Miner == types.ZeroAddress {
			continue
		}

		// the nonce selects the action
		var authorize bool
		if h.Nonce == nonceAuthVote {
			authorize = true
		} else if h.Nonce == nonceDropVote {
			authorize = false
		} else {
			return fmt.Errorf("incorrect vote nonce")
		}

		// validate the vote
		if authorize {
			// we can only authorize if they are not on the validators list
			if snap.Set.Includes(h.Miner) {
				continue
			}
		} else {
			// we can only remove if they are part of the validators list
			if !snap.Set.Includes(h.Miner) {
				continue
			}
		}

		count := snap.Count(func(v *Vote) bool {
			return v.Validator == validator && v.Address == h.Miner
		})
		if count > 1 {
			// there can only be one vote per validator per address
			return fmt.Errorf("more than one proposal per validator per address found")
		}
		if count == 0 {
			// cast the new vote since there is no one yet
			snap.Votes = append(snap.Votes, &Vote{
				Validator: validator,
				Address:   h.Miner,
				Authorize: authorize,
			})
		}

		// check the tally for the proposed validator
		tally := snap.Count(func(v *Vote) bool {
			return v.Address == h.Miner
		})

		if tally > snap.Set.Len()/2 {
			if authorize {
				// add the proposal to the validator list
				snap.Set.Add(h.Miner)
			} else {
				// remove the proposal from the validators list
				snap.Set.Del(h.Miner)

				// remove any votes casted by the removed validator
				snap.RemoveVotes(func(v *Vote) bool {
					return v.Validator == h.Miner
				})
			}

			// remove all the votes that promoted this validator
			snap.RemoveVotes(func(v *Vote) bool {
				return v.Address == h.Miner
			})
		}

		if err := saveSnap(h); err != nil {
			return nil
		}
	}

	// update the metadata
	i.store.updateLastBlock(headers[len(headers)-1].Number)
	return nil
}

type snapshotStore struct {
	lastNumber uint64
	lock       sync.Mutex
	list       snapshotSortedList
}

func (i *Ibft) setupTransport() error {
	// use a gossip protocol
	topic, err := i.network.NewTopic(ibftProto, &proto.MessageReq{})
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	err = topic.Subscribe(func(obj interface{}) {
		msg := obj.(*proto.MessageReq)

		if !i.isSealing() {
			// if we are not sealing we do not care about the messages
			// but we need to subscribe to propagate the messages
			return
		}

		// decode sender
		if err := validateMsg(msg); err != nil {
			i.logger.Error("failed to validate msg", "err", err)
			return
		}

		if msg.From == i.validatorKeyAddr.String() {
			// we are the sender, skip this message since we already
			// relay our own messages internally.
			return
		}
		i.pushMessage(msg)
	})
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	i.transport = &gossipTransport{topic: topic}
	return nil
}

message MessageReq {
    // type is the type of the message
    Type type = 1;

    // from is the address of the sender
    string from = 2;

    // seal is the committed seal if message is commit
    string seal = 3;

    // signature is the crypto signature of the message
    string signature = 4;

    // view is the view assigned to the message
    View view = 5;

    // hash of the locked block
    string digest = 6;

    // proposal is the rlp encoded block in preprepare messages
    google.protobuf.Any proposal = 7;

    enum Type {
        Preprepare = 0;
        Prepare = 1;
        Commit = 2;
        RoundChange = 3;
    }
}

message View {
    uint64 round = 1;
    uint64 sequence = 2;
}

func (i *Ibft) start() {
	// consensus always starts in SyncState mode in case it needs
	// to sync with other nodes.
	i.setState(SyncState)

	header := i.blockchain.Header()
	i.logger.Debug("current sequence", "sequence", header.Number+1)

	for {
		select {
		case <-i.closeCh:
			return
		default:
		}

		i.runCycle()
	}
}

func (i *Ibft) runCycle() {
	if i.state.view != nil {
		i.logger.Debug(
		    "cycle", 
		    "state", 
		    i.getState(), 
		    "sequence", 
		    i.state.view.Sequence, 
		    "round", 
		    i.state.view.Round,
	    )
	}

	switch i.getState() {
	case AcceptState:
		i.runAcceptState()

	case ValidateState:
		i.runValidateState()

	case RoundChangeState:
		i.runRoundChangeState()

	case SyncState:
		i.runSyncState()
	}
}

func (s *Sealer) run(ctx context.Context) {
	sub := s.blockchain.SubscribeEvents()
	eventCh := sub.GetEventCh()

	for {
		if s.config.DevMode {
			// In dev-mode we wait for new transactions to seal blocks
			select {
			case <-s.wakeCh:
			case <-ctx.Done():
				return
			}
		}

		// start sealing
		subCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
		done := s.sealAsync(subCtx)

		// wait for the sealing to be done
		select {
		case <-done:
			// the sealing process has finished
		case <-ctx.Done():
			// the sealing routine has been canceled
		case <-eventCh:
			// there is a new head, reset sealer
		}

		// cancel the sealing process context
		cancel()

		if ctx.Err() != nil {
			return
		}
	}
}

service V1 {
    // Returns status information regarding the specific point in time
    rpc GetCurrent(google.protobuf.Empty) returns (V1Status);
    
    // Returns any type of object (Header, Body, Receipts...)
    rpc GetObjectsByHash(HashRequest) returns (Response);
    
    // Returns a range of headers
    rpc GetHeaders(GetHeadersRequest) returns (Response);
    
    // Watches what new blocks get included
    rpc Watch(google.protobuf.Empty) returns (stream V1Status);
}

message V1Status {
    string difficulty = 1;
    string hash = 2;
    int64 number = 3;
}

service TxnPoolOperator {
    // Status returns the current status of the pool
    rpc Status(google.protobuf.Empty) returns (TxnPoolStatusResp);

    // AddTxn adds a local transaction to the pool
    rpc AddTxn(AddTxnReq) returns (google.protobuf.Empty);

    // Subscribe subscribes for new events in the txpool
    rpc Subscribe(google.protobuf.Empty) returns (stream TxPoolEvent);
}

// AddTx adds a new transaction to the pool
func (t *TxPool) AddTx(tx *types.Transaction) error {
	if err := t.addImpl("addTxn", tx); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// broadcast the transaction only if network is enabled
	// and we are not in dev mode
	if t.topic != nil && !t.dev {
		txn := &proto.Txn{
			Raw: &any.Any{
				Value: tx.MarshalRLP(),
			},
		}
		if err := t.topic.Publish(txn); err != nil {
			t.logger.Error("failed to topic txn", "err", err)
		}
	}

	if t.NotifyCh != nil {
		select {
		case t.NotifyCh <- struct{}{}:
		default:
		}
	}
	return nil
}

func (t *TxPool) addImpl(ctx string, txns ...*types.Transaction) error {
	if len(txns) == 0 {
		return nil
	}

	from := txns[0].From
	for _, txn := range txns {
		// Since this is a single point of inclusion for new transactions both
		// to the promoted queue and pending queue we use this point to calculate the hash
		txn.ComputeHash()

		err := t.validateTx(txn)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		if txn.From == types.ZeroAddress {
			txn.From, err = t.signer.Sender(txn)
			if err != nil {
				return fmt.Errorf("invalid sender")
			}
			from = txn.From
		} else {
			// only if we are in dev mode we can accept
			// a transaction without validation
			if !t.dev {
				return fmt.Errorf("cannot accept non-encrypted txn")
			}
		}

		t.logger.Debug("add txn", "ctx", ctx, "hash", txn.Hash, "from", from)
	}

	txnsQueue, ok := t.queue[from]
	if !ok {
		stateRoot := t.store.Header().StateRoot

		// initialize the txn queue for the account
		txnsQueue = newTxQueue()
		txnsQueue.nextNonce = t.store.GetNonce(stateRoot, from)
		t.queue[from] = txnsQueue
	}
	for _, txn := range txns {
		txnsQueue.Add(txn)
	}

	for _, promoted := range txnsQueue.Promote() {
		t.sorted.Push(promoted)
	}
	return nil
}

// TxPool is a pool of transactions
type TxPool struct {
	logger hclog.Logger
	signer signer

	store      store
	idlePeriod time.Duration

	queue map[types.Address]*txQueue
	sorted *txPriceHeap

	// network stack
	network *network.Server
	topic   *network.Topic

	sealing  bool
	dev      bool
	NotifyCh chan struct{}

	proto.UnimplementedTxnPoolOperatorServer
}

// Storage is a generic blockchain storage
type Storage interface {
	ReadCanonicalHash(n uint64) (types.Hash, bool)
	WriteCanonicalHash(n uint64, hash types.Hash) error

	ReadHeadHash() (types.Hash, bool)
	ReadHeadNumber() (uint64, bool)
	WriteHeadHash(h types.Hash) error
	WriteHeadNumber(uint64) error

	WriteForks(forks []types.Hash) error
	ReadForks() ([]types.Hash, error)

	WriteDiff(hash types.Hash, diff *big.Int) error
	ReadDiff(hash types.Hash) (*big.Int, bool)

	WriteHeader(h *types.Header) error
	ReadHeader(hash types.Hash) (*types.Header, error)

	WriteCanonicalHeader(h *types.Header, diff *big.Int) error

	WriteBody(hash types.Hash, body *types.Body) error
	ReadBody(hash types.Hash) (*types.Body, error)

	WriteSnapshot(hash types.Hash, blob []byte) error
	ReadSnapshot(hash types.Hash) ([]byte, bool)

	WriteReceipts(hash types.Hash, receipts []*types.Receipt) error
	ReadReceipts(hash types.Hash) ([]*types.Receipt, error)

	WriteTxLookup(hash types.Hash, blockHash types.Hash) error
	ReadTxLookup(hash types.Hash) (types.Hash, bool)

	Close() error
}

// Prefixes for the key-value store
var (
	// DIFFICULTY is the difficulty prefix
	DIFFICULTY = []byte("d")

	// HEADER is the header prefix
	HEADER = []byte("h")

	// HEAD is the chain head prefix
	HEAD = []byte("o")

	// FORK is the entry to store forks
	FORK = []byte("f")

	// CANONICAL is the prefix for the canonical chain numbers
	CANONICAL = []byte("c")

	// BODY is the prefix for bodies
	BODY = []byte("b")

	// RECEIPTS is the prefix for receipts
	RECEIPTS = []byte("r")

	// SNAPSHOTS is the prefix for snapshots
	SNAPSHOTS = []byte("s")

	// TX_LOOKUP_PREFIX is the prefix for transaction lookups
	TX_LOOKUP_PREFIX = []byte("l")
)

// Sub-prefixes
var (
	HASH   = []byte("hash")
	NUMBER = []byte("number")
	EMPTY  = []byte("empty")
)

service System {
    // GetInfo returns info about the client
    rpc GetStatus(google.protobuf.Empty) returns (ServerStatus);

    // PeersAdd adds a new peer
    rpc PeersAdd(PeersAddRequest) returns (google.protobuf.Empty);

    // PeersList returns the list of peers
    rpc PeersList(google.protobuf.Empty) returns (PeersListResponse);

    // PeersInfo returns the info of a peer
    rpc PeersStatus(PeersStatusRequest) returns (Peer);

    // Subscribe subscribes to blockchain events
    rpc Subscribe(google.protobuf.Empty) returns (stream BlockchainEvent);
}

type State interface {
    // Gets a snapshot for a specific hash
	NewSnapshotAt(types.Hash) (Snapshot, error)
	
	// Gets the latest snapshot
	NewSnapshot() Snapshot
	
	// Gets the codeHash
	GetCode(hash types.Hash) ([]byte, bool)
}

type Snapshot interface {
    // Gets a specific value for a leaf
	Get(k []byte) ([]byte, bool)
	
	// Commits new information
	Commit(objs []*Object) (Snapshot, []byte)
}

// Object is the serialization of the radix object
type Object struct {
	Address  types.Address
	CodeHash types.Hash
	Balance  *big.Int
	Root     types.Hash
	Nonce    uint64
	Deleted  bool

	DirtyCode bool
	Code      []byte

	Storage []*StorageObject
}

func (t *Transition) apply(msg *types.Transaction) ([]byte, uint64, bool, error) {
	// check if there is enough gas in the pool
	if err := t.subGasPool(msg.Gas); err != nil {
		return nil, 0, false, err
	}

	txn := t.state
	s := txn.Snapshot()

	gas, err := t.preCheck(msg)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, 0, false, err
	}
	if gas > msg.Gas {
		return nil, 0, false, errorVMOutOfGas
	}

	gasPrice := new(big.Int).SetBytes(msg.GetGasPrice())
	value := new(big.Int).SetBytes(msg.Value)

	// Set the specific transaction fields in the context
	t.ctx.GasPrice = types.BytesToHash(msg.GetGasPrice())
	t.ctx.Origin = msg.From

	var subErr error
	var gasLeft uint64
	var returnValue []byte

	if msg.IsContractCreation() {
		_, gasLeft, subErr = t.Create2(msg.From, msg.Input, value, gas)
	} else {
		txn.IncrNonce(msg.From)
		returnValue, gasLeft, subErr = t.Call2(msg.From, *msg.To, msg.Input, value, gas)
	}
	
	if subErr != nil {
		if subErr == runtime.ErrNotEnoughFunds {
			txn.RevertToSnapshot(s)
			return nil, 0, false, subErr
		}
	}

	gasUsed := msg.Gas - gasLeft
	refund := gasUsed / 2
	if refund > txn.GetRefund() {
		refund = txn.GetRefund()
	}

	gasLeft += refund
	gasUsed -= refund

	// refund the sender
	remaining := new(big.Int).Mul(new(big.Int).SetUint64(gasLeft), gasPrice)
	txn.AddBalance(msg.From, remaining)

	// pay the coinbase
	coinbaseFee := new(big.Int).Mul(new(big.Int).SetUint64(gasUsed), gasPrice)
	txn.AddBalance(t.ctx.Coinbase, coinbaseFee)

	// return gas to the pool
	t.addGasPool(gasLeft)

	return returnValue, gasUsed, subErr != nil, nil
}

func init() {
	// unsigned arithmetic operations
	register(STOP, handler{opStop, 0, 0})
	register(ADD, handler{opAdd, 2, 3})
	register(SUB, handler{opSub, 2, 3})
	register(MUL, handler{opMul, 2, 5})
	register(DIV, handler{opDiv, 2, 5})
	register(SDIV, handler{opSDiv, 2, 5})
	register(MOD, handler{opMod, 2, 5})
	register(SMOD, handler{opSMod, 2, 5})
	register(EXP, handler{opExp, 2, 10})

	...

	// jumps
	register(JUMP, handler{opJump, 1, 8})
	register(JUMPI, handler{opJumpi, 2, 10})
	register(JUMPDEST, handler{opJumpDest, 0, 1})
}

// Run executes the virtual machine
func (c *state) Run() ([]byte, error) {
	var vmerr error

	codeSize := len(c.code)
	
	for !c.stop {
		if c.ip >= codeSize {
			c.halt()
			break
		}

		op := OpCode(c.code[c.ip])

		inst := dispatchTable[op]
		
		if inst.inst == nil {
			c.exit(errOpCodeNotFound)
			break
		}
		
		// check if the depth of the stack is enough for the instruction
		if c.sp < inst.stack {
			c.exit(errStackUnderflow)
			break
		}
		
		// consume the gas of the instruction
		if !c.consumeGas(inst.gas) {
			c.exit(errOutOfGas)
			break
		}

		// execute the instruction
		inst.inst(c)

		// check if stack size exceeds the max size
		if c.sp > stackSize {
			c.exit(errStackOverflow)
			break
		}
		
		c.ip++
	}

	if err := c.err; err != nil {
		vmerr = err
	}
	
	return c.ret, vmerr
}

func NewServer(logger hclog.Logger, config *Config) (*Server, error) {
	m := &Server{
		logger: logger,
		config: config,
		chain:      config.Chain,
		grpcServer: grpc.NewServer(),
	}

	m.logger.Info("Data dir", "path", config.DataDir)

	// Generate all the paths in the dataDir
	if err := setupDataDir(config.DataDir, dirPaths); err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create data directories: %v", err)
	}

	// Get the private key for the node
	keystore := keystore.NewLocalKeystore(filepath.Join(config.DataDir, "keystore"))
	key, err := keystore.Get()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read private key: %v", err)
	}
	m.key = key

	storage, err := leveldb.NewLevelDBStorage(filepath.Join(config.DataDir, "blockchain"), logger)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	m.storage = storage

	// Setup consensus
	if err := m.setupConsensus(); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	stateStorage, err := itrie.NewLevelDBStorage(filepath.Join(m.config.DataDir, "trie"), logger)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	st := itrie.NewState(stateStorage)
	m.state = st

	executor := state.NewExecutor(config.Chain.Params, st)
	executor.SetRuntime(precompiled.NewPrecompiled())
	executor.SetRuntime(evm.NewEVM())

	// Blockchain object
	m.blockchain, err = blockchain.NewBlockchain(logger, storage, config.Chain, m.consensus, executor)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	executor.GetHash = m.blockchain.GetHashHelper

	// Setup sealer
	sealerConfig := &sealer.Config{
		Coinbase: crypto.PubKeyToAddress(&m.key.PublicKey),
	}
	m.Sealer = sealer.NewSealer(sealerConfig, logger, m.blockchain, m.consensus, executor)
	m.Sealer.SetEnabled(m.config.Seal)

	// Setup the libp2p server
	if err := m.setupLibP2P(); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	// Setup the GRPC server
	if err := m.setupGRPC(); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	// Setup jsonrpc
	if err := m.setupJSONRPC(); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	// Setup the syncer protocol
	m.syncer = protocol.NewSyncer(logger, m.blockchain)
	m.syncer.Register(m.libp2pServer.GetGRPCServer())
	m.syncer.Start()

	// Register the libp2p GRPC endpoints
	proto.RegisterHandshakeServer(m.libp2pServer.GetGRPCServer(), &handshakeService{s: m})

	m.libp2pServer.Serve()
	return m, nil
}